Complicaciones de ileostomías y colostomías de protección en cirugía por cáncer de recto / Ileostomy and colostomy complications of protection in rectal cancer surgery

Introducción: en los últimos años, la tradicional colostomía lateral utilizada para proteger las anastomosis colorrectales bajas, ha sido reemplazada en muchos centros por una ileostomía en asa. Si bien se ha generado cierta controversia entre ambas técnicas, aún no ha quedado claramente demostrado qué técnica es la más recomendada. Objetivo: comparar el índice de complicaciones de ileostomías y colostomías de protección en cirugías por cáncer de recto. Material y Método: se analizaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes operados de cáncer de recto, entre 2002 y 2012, a los que se les realizó una ostomía de protección. Se excluyó a los pacientes a los cuales por diversas razones nunca se les restableció el tránsito intestinal. Los parámetros analizados fueron: edad, sexo, complicaciones del ostoma, complicaciones del cierre del ostoma y mortalidad. Las complicaciones fueron clasificadas con la escala STROC. Se analizó un total de 106 pacientes (59 hombres y 47 mujeres). La edad promedio fue de 64 años (24 a 89). Se realizaron 80 ileostomías en asa (Grupo IA) y 26 colostomías laterales transversas (Grupo CLT). Se utilizó para el análisis estadístico el test de Fisher. Resultados: hubo 12 complicaciones relacionadas con la confección de las ostomías (11.3%). Esto incluye 11 complicaciones de ileostomías (13,7%) y una de las colostomías (3,8%) (p=0,15). No hubo mortalidad. Con relación al cierre del ostoma, hubo 18 complicaciones con una incidencia del 16,9%; de estas, 10 correspondieron al grupo IA (12,5%), y 8 al grupo CLT (30,8%) (p=0,03). Dentro de estas complicaciones del cierre de los ostomas, la más frecuente fue la infección de la herida quirúrgica, de la que se registraron 7 casos, 2 en el grupo IA y 5 en el grupo CLT (p=0,009)... (TRUNCADO)

Background: in recent years, the traditional lateral colostomy used to protect low colorectal anastomosis has been replaced in many centers by a loop ileostomy. While some controversy was generated between the two techniques it has not yet been clearly demonstrated which of them is the best choice. Objective: to compare the rate of complications of ileostomy and colostomy protection after rectal cancer surgery. Material and Methods: we retrospectively analyzed all patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery who needed a protective stoma between 2002 and 2012. We excluded patients to whom intestinal transit was never restored. The parameters analyzed were: age, sex, stoma complications, closure of stoma complications and mortality. Complications were classified according to STROC scale. We analyzed a total of 106 patients (59 men and 47 women), mean age was 64 years (24-89). This included 80 loop ileostomies (Group IA) and 26 lateral transverse colostomies (CLT Group). Fisher’s test was used for statistical analysis. Results: there were 12 complications related to the making of the ostomy (11,3%). This included 11 ileostomy complications (13,7%), and one after a colostomy (3,8%) (p=0,15). There was no mortality. Regarding the closure of the stoma, there were 18 complications with an incidence of 16,9%. Of these, 10 occurred in group IA (12,5%), and 8 in CLT group (30,8%) (p=0,03). Within stoma closure complications, infection of the surgical wound was the most common, with 7 cases, 2 in group IA and 5 in the CLT group (p = 0,009). The mortality rate was 2,8%, 2,5% corresponded to the ileostomy group and 3,8% corresponded to the colostomy group (p=0,57). Conclusions: the implementation of a stoma should be clearly justified since the procedure is not without complications... (TRUNCATED)

Preliminary results from digestive adaptation: a new surgical proposal for treating obesity, based on physiology and evolution / Resultados preliminares de adaptação digestiva: nova proposta cirúrgica para tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade baseada na fisiologia e na evolução

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Most bariatric surgical techniques include essentially non-physiological features like narrowing anastomoses or bands, or digestive segment exclusion, especially the duodenum. This potentially causes symptoms or complications. The aim here was to report on the preliminary results from a new surgical technique for treating morbid obesity that takes a physiological and evolutionary approach. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case series description, in Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein and Hospital da Polícia Militar, São Paulo, and Hospital Vicentino, Ponta Grossa, Paraná. METHODS: The technique included vertical (sleeve) gastrectomy, omentectomy and enterectomy that retained three meters of small bowel (initial jejunum and most of the ileum), i.e. the lower limit for normal adults. The operations on 100 patients are described. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was nine months (range: one to 29 months). The mean reductions in body mass index were 4.3, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1 and 10.7 kg/m², respectively at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. All patients reported early satiety. There was major improvement in comorbidities, especially diabetes. Operative complications occurred in 7 percent of patients, all of them resolved without sequelae. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure creates a proportionally reduced gastrointestinal tract, leaving its basic functions unharmed and producing adaptation of the gastric chamber size to hypercaloric diet. It removes the sources of ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and resistin production and leads more nutrients to the distal bowel, with desirable metabolic consequences. Patients do not need nutritional support or drug medication. The procedure is straightforward and safe.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A maioria das técnicas de cirurgia bariátrica inclui anastomoses ou bandas ou exclusões de segmentos digestivos, principalmente o duodeno, que podem gerar sintomas ou complicações. O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar os resultados dos dois primeiros anos de uso de uma nova técnica no tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade: gastrectomia vertical com omentectomia e enterectomia segmentar. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Descrição de série de casos operados no Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Hospital da Polícia Militar, São Paulo, e Hospital Vicentino, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. MÉTODO: A técnica utiliza a gastrectomia vertical, omentectomia maior e enterectomia segmentar (incluindo jejuno basicamente) que deixa três metros de intestino delgado (jejuno inicial e a maior parte do íleo), em comprimento no limite inferior do que se considera normal para humanos adultos. Os 100 primeiros pacientes são descritos. RESULTADOS: Com acompanhamento de até 29 meses pós-operatórios (média de oito meses) a redução no índice de massa corpórea foi de 4.3, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.7 kg/m², respectivamente nos meses 1, 2, 4, 6 e 12 de pós-operatório. Todos os pacientes acusam saciedade precoce. Houve melhora acentuada das doenças associadas em especial a diabetes. Complicações cirúrgicas ocorreram em 7 por cento dos pacientes todas resolvidas sem seqüelas. Não houve óbitos. CONCLUSÕES: O procedimento cria um trato gastrointestinal proporcionalmente reduzido, mas com suas funções digestivas intactas. O procedimento retira fontes de produção de grelina, inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio-1 (PAI-1), resistina e permite que mais nutrientes sejam absorvidos no intestino distal, com as desejáveis conseqüências metabólicas. Os pacientes não precisam de suporte nutricional ou de medicações. O procedimento é fácil e seguro.

Estudo retrospectivo dos casos de enterolitíase e corpo estranho em intestino grosso de eqüinos, no período de janeiro de 1993 a janeiro de 2003 / Retrospective study of enterolithiasis and foreign bodies found in the large intestine of horses (january 1993 to january 2003)

No período de janeiro de 1993 a janeiro de 2003, foram realizados 195 procedimentos cirúrgicos de abdômen agudo em eqüinos, no Serviço de Cirurgia de Grandes Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo. Dentre eles, foram diagnosticados 30 casos de enterolitíase e sete casos de corpo estranho, localizados em intestino grosso. Das 37 laparotomias, 35 foram realizadas em decúbito dorsal com acesso pela linha média e duas em estação com acesso pelo flanco. Os animais apresentaram idade variando de um a dezoito anos com média de oito anos, sendo 25 machos e 13 fêmeas. As formações e corpos estranhos apresentaram a seguinte localização: 13 (35,14%) em cólon maior, 19 (51,35%) em cólon menor, 03 (8,10%) em cólon transverso e 02 (5,41 %) em cólon transverso e menor. Em relação à evolução, 23 (62,16%) receberam alta e 14 (37,84%) evoluíram para óbito (6) ou foram submetidos à eutanásia (8). Seis procedimentos de eutanásia, foram realizados no período trans-operatório e dois no período pós-operatório. Dentre os animais que apresentaram evolução satisfatória, destacam-se um caso em que foram retirados sete enterólitos e outro em que a ponta de um prego que era o núcleo do enterólito se mantinha proeminente e em contato com a mucosa intestinal. Comparativamente às demais afecções do intestino grosso dos eqüinos e pela análise dos resultados obtidos neste estudo, conclui-se que os processos obstrutivos causados por enterólitos ou corpos estranhos apresentam prognóstico favorável.

In the period from January 1993 to January 2003, 195 surgical procedures of equine acute abdomen were performed at the Service of Large Animal Surgery of the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the University of São Paulo. From these 195 cases there were 30 enterolithiasis and seven foreign bodies located in the colono Thirty-five out of 37 laparotomies were performed in dorsal recumbency, with access through the ventral midline and two were performed through the flank, with the animal in standing position. Of the 37 animals, 25 were male and 12 were females. Age varied from one to 18 years old with any average of eight years of age. Location of enteroliths and foreign bodies was as follows: 13 (35.14%) in large colon, 19 (51.35%) in small colon, 03 (8.10%) in transverse colon and 02 (5.41 %) in both transverse and small colon. In regards to the clinical evolution, six were humenely eutmanized killed during surgery. From the 31 remaining, 23 (74,19%) were discharged,6 (19,36%) died and 2 (6,45%) were killed eutmanized during the post-operative period. Among those animals with satisfactory evolution two animals stand out. One of them had seven enteroliths and in the other, the nucleus of the mass was the tip of a nail, which protruded from the mass and was in constant contact with the intestinal mucosa. In spite of the large incidence of obstruction caused by enteroliths or foreign bodies in comparison of other studies, the prognosis of post-operative recovery is favourable.

Intestinal intussusception and occlusion caused by small bowel polyps in the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Management by combined intraoperative enteroscopy and resection through minimal enterostomy: case report

The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a hereditary disease that requires frequent endoscopic and surgical intervention, leading to secondary complications such as short bowel syndrome. CASE REPORT: This paper reports on a 15-year-old male patient with a family history of the disease, who underwent surgery for treatment of an intestinal occlusion due to a small intestine intussusception. DISCUSSION: An intra-operative fiberscopic procedure was included for the detection and treatment of numerous polyps distributed along the small intestine. Enterotomy was performed to treat only the larger polyps, therefore limiting the intestinal resection to smaller segments. The postoperative follow-up was uneventful. CONCLUSION: We point out the importance of conservative treatment for patients with this syndrome, especially those who will undergo repeated surgical interventions because of clinical manifestation while they are still young

Necrotizing enterocolitis, surgical experience

Between January 1988 and December 1994,29 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] required surgical management. There were 15 males and 14 females. The gestational age range was 24-38, average 32.7 weeks and body weight range was 565-4500 grams, average 1,680 grams. Necrotizing enterocolitis developed within two weeks of age in 55% of the cases, between two and four weeks in 34% and beyond four weeks in four cases [14%]. Pneumoperitoneum was the commonest indication for surgery [55%] of cases, followed by failure of response to medical treatment. The commonest surgical procedure was resection of the gangrenous bowel with creation of an enterostomy for the segmental disease in 15 cases [50%] and resection with primary anastomosis in six cases [20%]. Four cases [14%] had NEC totalis for which drainage alone was done, and two cases had external drainage alone. Survival rate was 72%